Photomicrographic camera.



R. L. WATKINS.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16. 1907.

PateIt-ed Nov. 23, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET I.

4 TTORNEYS R. L. WATKINS.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED Y 16. 1907.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W/TIIESSES WC. %Jaw- %E W R. L. WATKINS.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHlC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED MAY s. 1907.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W/TNESSES NVENTOR TTOBEYS R. L. WATKINS.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED MAY e. 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

wrsssss s ron 9% C. W A 12079 arti?. Wak ns er A y W i I nromsrs R. L.WATKINS.

PHOTOMICROGBAPHIC CAMERA APPLICATION FILED MAYG. 1901.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

W TIIESSES WCW- 75 z, VN TUR i z e ROZerZWI fl: ins p A I 1' 'I irronsrs ROBERT I. WATKINS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PHOTOMICROGAPHIC GAMERA.

Speciflcation of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915.

Application filed May 16, 1907. Serial No. 373,985.

To all -u'kom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT L. lVATKINs, a citizen of the United Statesof America, residing at the city of New York, borough of Manh'attan, inthe State of New York, have invented a certain new and usefulI*hotomicrographic Camera, of, which the following is a specification. v

The object of the invention is to photo graph objects which have beenmagnified by means-of a microscope.

In recent years great progress has been made in diagnosing variousdiseases and ailments by a. microscopical examination of the blood, itappeal-ing that each distinct disease of the system is manifested by certain physiological characteristics in the blood.

So far as I am aware, however, no successful or eflicient apparatus hasbeen devised for quickly photographing the par ticular thing beingexamined, such as the blood, while the same is in a magnified state, inorder to produce a permanent photo graphic record thereof.

The invention' herein under consideration has proven in practice to beof great assistance, and, n fact, almost indispensable to a rapid andaccurate examination of the blood and the production of an enlargedphotographic record of the same. The great advantage of such recordswill be manifest, since a series of photographs taken during successiveperiods, will indicate the progress or condition ot' the particularailment with which the subject may be-afilicted.

In a specific sense, I have illustrated and described several forms orembodiments of the invention, one being adapted particu la rly foroffice use, whereas another is a portable type which adapts it for useby the physician when making his usual visits to the patient.Furthermore, I have devised means whereby I am enabled to produce a.succession of photographs on a eontinuous film, such film being adaptedfor use in the so called moving picture machines, thereby portrayingvarious physiological operations, such as the movement of thecorpusclesof the blood. This particular embodiment of the inventionadapts it for use in giving lectures or instruction to medical students.

F igure 1 is a vertical section of one type of poi-tablephotomicrographic camera adjusted in position for use, and constructedin accordance With this invention', the plane ot' the section beingindicated by the dotted line 1 1 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction ofthe arrow. Fig. 2 is a vertical section in a plane at right angles toFig. 1 and on the dotted line 2 2 of said figure, showing the portableapparatus collasped or folded t'or convenient transportation. Fig. 3 isa vertical'section, partly in elevation. illustrating another embodimentof a portable camera adjusted in position for use in 'connection with amicroscope and other parts of the apparatus as contemplated by thisinvention. Fig. is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing acabinet constructed in accordance with this invention, and adaptedespecially tor otlice use. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, partly inelevation, illustrating my invention adapted for use in connection witha So called noving picture machine whereby a succession of pictures naybe produced on a eontinuous film. Fig. (i is an clevation showing theapparatus of Figfl 5 adjusted for use in another position for thepurpose of onitting the refiector ot' the microscope, whereby the raysot' light may be dir'ected through the sight tube ot' said nicroscope.Fig. 7 is a detail cross section on an enlarged Scale, and in the planeof the dotted line 7--7 of Fig. illustrating one means enployed by metor tocusiug an image projected on a ground glass by the microscope.Fig. 8 is a vertical section ot' a part of the portable apparatus shownin Figs. 1 and 2, representing a binocular adapted for use in connectionwith a microscope so as to project two images onto separate lightsensitive surfaces adapted to be held by independent plate holders inthe path of said binocular. Fig. 9 is a detail view showing anotherembodiment of means tor securing a light-tight joint between amicroscope and a transverse partition forming a part of the poi-tableapparatus shown in F l and '2. Fig. 10 is a detail view showing` onemeans for Conveniently adjusting the mirror of the microscope. Fig. 1 1is a detail vertical section through the binocular of Fig. 8 and 'whichis adapted for use in connection with the various types of apparatusshown by the drawings. Fig. 12 is a view in side elevation showing onemethod of using a binocular in connection with a microscope and acontinuous film camera, the object being to View the subject through themicroscope and focus the latter while making the potographic exposureson the sensitized fi m.

The type of portable apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawingscontemplates the employnent of an extensible light-tight compartment, A,hei-ein shown as provided by a telescoping light tight casing, B. Saidcasing consists of the telescoping sections, 7), b', the lower section,b, being closed at its lower part by a head, b and open at its upperpart, whereas the upper section, b', is open at its lower part andprovided at its upper part with ahead, 6 'The inner surfaces of thesections, b, b', are coated with a suitable black material, such as {iscommonly employed in photographic cameras, and it is preferred,further-more, to line the slidingupper section, b', with felt or othermaterial, as indicated at 6 When the section, b', is raised totheposition shown in Fig. 1, for the purpose of bringing the apparatus intouse, said section may be locked in said raised position by any suitableform of detent, the same being shown as automatic locking devices Cwhich are adapted to take beneath the section, b', when it is raised.

The extensible light-tight chamber, A, is dividednear its lower part bya horizontal partition, D, which is Secured in the lower section, b, ofthe casing, B, thereby forming.

a sub-chamber, d, below said partition. This sub-chamber is adapted forthe reception of part of a magnfying apparatus herein shown as amicroscope, E, the same being of any usual or preferred Construction;Said microscope is represented as consisting of a table, e, which issupported on a base or stand, te', a lens tube, 6 a screw adjustment, 6for focusing said lens tube, a lens holder, 6 adapted to be adju'stedfor the purpose of bringing any one of a plurality of lenses intoalinement with the lens tube, 6 and a mirror, 6 which is mounted belowthe table, e, and is adjustable to difierent positions in order that itmay reflect the rays of light through the lens tube.

In addition to the parts herein mentioned, the microscope is providedwith means for holding the object or subject under examination firmly inposition on the table e, and as shown, said subject-holding meansconsists of springs, f, adapted to be clamped on the table by screws, f.Furthermore, the microscope is at times placed in such a position thatthe mirror cannot be operated conveniently. To overcome this objection Icontemplate the 'employment of an Operating member or piece, f which ispivotally connected as at f to an edge portion of the pivoted mirror, 6see Fig. 10. This Operating piece is shown as extending through anhowever, be of any suitable length in order to eXtend either outside ofthe chamber d in the apparatus or in a convenient position therein,whereby the mirror may be adjusted with facility.

In the lower part of the casing section, b,

'is an opening, g, for the adnission of light into the-compartment, d,and this opening may or may not be closed by a Shutter, as desired. Themagnifyingapparatus, E, is adapted to be introduced into the section, b,in an'y suitable Way, and said apparatus is adapted to partly extendthrough an opening, d', which is provided in the partition, D. The lowerpart of said microscope occupies the chamber, d, so that the table, 22,of said microscope will engage with the underside of the partition, D.It is important to exclude the light, admitted to the chamber, d, fromthe chamber, A, and this result may be accomplished in a number of ways.In Figs. 1 and 2 the partition, D, is shown as having a lining, d on itsunder surface, said lining having a lip, d extending into one edge ofthe opening, d'. The table, e, of the microscope is adapted to fitfirmly against the underside of the partition, D, so as to make a tightjoint with the lining, d and the lid, d thereof, the lower part of themicroscope occupying the chamber, d, and the upper part of themicroscope extend ing into the lower part of the chamber, A."

In Fig. 9, however, I have shown a lighttight coupling adapted tocoperate with the partition, D, and the table, e, of the microscope.This coupling, G, consists of a member, g', adapted to the table, e, andanother member, g adapted to the under-side ofthe partition, D. Themember, g', may be fitted on or connected to the table, e, in anysuitable way, and said member is provided on its upper side withconccntric fianges adapted to form an intermediate channel or groove.The member, 9 of the coupling may be fastened to the partition, D, inany suitable way, and on the underside of said member, 9 are conccntricfianges forming an intermediate channel. The two members are adapted forthe flanges of one nember to fit into the channel of the other member,thereby producing a. double interlocking arrangement which efectuallyprevents the passage of light, and as the members of the coupling, G,extend around the opening, d', in the partition, D, the rays of lightare thoroughly excluded from thechamber, A. The upper member, b', of theextensible casing, B, is provided in the head, I), with an opening, h,and the head, 6 is rovided, furthermore, with a recess, h', a apted toreceive means such as a plate holder H, for supporting a photographicsensitive surface in the path of an enlarged image which is projected bythe microscope onto said surface. Said plate holder, H, may be of theusual or any preferred Construction, and as shown, it is adapted toenter the recess 72,', in a position to cover the openin h, a lighttightjoint being Secured between the said plate holder and the head, If, by alining, h ,of an appropriate material. It will be understood that theplate holder is equipped With means for receiving a sensitized plate,and with a slide which may be withdrawn after the holder is placed inposition in order to expose the plate directly over the opening, h, ofthe casing, B.

he operation of the apparatus as thus far described is as follows: Oneor `more drops of blood, to be subjected to microscopic examination, istaken from the patient and deposited on a piece of glass, or othertransparent material, indicated at I in F ig. 1, and this transparentpiece is placed on the table, e, of the microscope so as to be held inposition by the springs, f. The proper lens is applied to the holder, eand the microscope is adjusted so as to focus the lens relative to thesubject. The microscope is placed in position in the section, Z), of thecasing, and the mirror, 6 is adjusted so as to refiect the rays of lightfrom a suitable source of light, such as the electric arc lamp, J, therays being thrown from the lamp through the opening, g, of the casingonto the mirror, 6 Before starting the lamp into service, however, thesection, b', of the casing is raised and the catches, C, are adjusted tolock said casing in said raised position. The plate holder, H,containing the sensitized plate, is placed on top of the head, 6 and theslide of said plate holder is then Withdrawn, thus leaving the plateexposed over the opening, h'. When the parts have been properly adjustedan electric current is admitted to the lamp, J, and the rays of lightfrom the arc are projected onto the mirror, 6 the' latter reflecting thelight rays through the micro scope. The microscope operates to projectan enlarged image of the subject contained on the plate, I, onto thesensitized surface of the plate in the holder, H, and the properexposure having been made, the switch is' operated to cut the lamp, J,out of service, after which the slide is replaced in the plate holderand the latter is removed from the casing, B, in order that the exposedplate may be developed and fixed in the usual way.

It is evident that the section, b', of the casing may be lowered uponthe section, b, in order to reduce the height of the apparatus, and asthe arc lamp, J, is of compact construction, the entire apparatus maybe.

folded and packed within a small space for convenience in storage andtransportation.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings is quite similar in itsgeneral con struction to that described in Figs. l and 2. Themicroscope, E, is of the same Construction, and in connection with saidmicroscope the arc lamp, J, is employed. Instead of inclosing themicroscope within a telescopic light-tight chamber, an exposure chamberis secured by the employment ot' the foldable bellows, B'. Said bellowsis shown as attached at one end to an upper plate or head, K, which isprovided with an opening, ic, and With a recess, lu', adapted to receivea plate holder H'. The plate or head, K, is adapted to be supported in araised position by telescopic posts or standards, L, each consisting .ofa hollow member, Z, and a rod l', the latter fitting in the hollowmembers and adapted to be held in any desired position therein bysuitable catches, 1 The' posts are fast-ened to a suitable base, L', andwhen said posts are extended they support the head, K. at a properheight abovesaid base. The microscope, the head, K, and the bellows areheld steadily in place by suitable guy wires, m, which are fastened attheir upper ends to the head, K, in a suitable way. the lower ends ofsaid guy wires being fastened to eye bolts, m', adapted to be screwedinto the floor. The lower part ot' the bellows, I', is provided with aplate, M, adapted 'or the reccption of the upper part of the tube, e ofthe microscope, said tube extending into the extensble light-tightchamber, A, secured by the employment of said bellows, B'. Between saidmicroscope tube, (a and the plate, M, OI" the bellows is a light-tightcoupling, G', which is somewhat similar in Construction to the coupling,G, shown in Fig. 9, except that each member ot' the coupling, G',contains a plurality of flanges and said members coperate to thoroughlyexclude the light. As shown in said Fig. 3, the member, g', of thecoupling is fitted around the tube of the telescope, whereas the member,1 is fastened in a suitable Way to the plate, M, whereby said membersmay be assenbled into interlocking relation for excluding the passageot' light rays through the coupling into the chamber, A'. Themicroscope, E` is adapted to rest on the base, L', of the apparatus, andwhen said apparatus is in use, the rays of light t'i-om an arc lamp arethrown by the mirror, 23 through the microscope so as to project anenlarged image of the subject onto the sensitized plate which isconfined in the plate holder, H'. It is evident that the parts may bereadily disconnected and packed within a small compass for conveniencein transportation or storage.

The salient features of my invention may liO be .combined with acabinet, O, in the manner represented in Fig. 4 of the drawings, whereinsaid cabinet, O, is represented as a desk intended to be used in aphysicians oflice or other place of examination. The cabinet is providedwith a permanent lighttight casing, 13 which extends vertically therein,said casing being shown as provided with a hinged front door, b in orderthat the microscope, E, may be easily and quickly placed in positionwithin the chamber, A In the rear of this casing, B is arranged the arclamp, J which is shown as mounted on a rheostat, J said rheostat and thelamp being of the same poi-table type as the lamp shown in F ig. 1. Thecasing, B is provided in its rear side with an opening, g, for the ipassage of the light rays from the arc lamp,

'and across this openingis adapted to operate a slide or shutter, N,which may be operated in any convenient or suitable manner. As shown,however, a' pull cord or rod, n, is fastened to the Shutter and extendsupwardly 'through the cabinet, O, and through 'an opening in the table,o, of said cabinet, the upper part of the rod or cord being providedwith a suitable Operating piece, n'. The rod or cord may be easilyoperated to lift the Shutter and eXpose the opening, g, but when thepull on the cord or rod is released, the Shutter, N, closes by gravity.The table, o, of the cabinet is providedwith an opening, 0', and with asuitable cap, 0 which is grooved for the reception of the plate holder,H Suitable means should be provided for securing a light-tightconnection between the chamber, A and the microscope. Said connectionmay be secured by using the bellows of F ig. 3, but it is preferred toemploy the partition, D, in the chamber, against which partition themicroscope is fitted so as to exclude the passage of the light rays fromthe lower Compartment into the chamber, A

The operation of the apparatus shown in F ig. 4 is similar to thatdescribed in connection with Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and it is not considerednecessary to repeat the description of the operation at this point. Thelamp, J, and the rheostat, J', shown in Fig. 4: are adapted for use inconnection with the several forms of apparatus shown in thisapplication, particularly the portable form of apparatus in Figs. l to 3inclusive, for the reason that said lamp is mounted on, or supported by,the rheostat, J and, furthermore, the carbons of the lamp are arrangedin a peculiar position relative to each other for the purpose ofprojecting uninterrupted light rays on to the mirror or through the lenstube of the microscope. The rheostat, J is shown as having two contactterminals, j, y', to one of which is fastened a conductor, j leadingfrom a switch, J From the other terminal leads a conductor, j

shown, said carbons, J J are pointed at I v their adjacent ends and theyare, preferably, at an angle one to the other, instead of being inalinement, as in prior types of lamps. The carbons may be at an angle of45 or 60, or any intermediate or desired angle, the object being! to soarrange the carbons as to keep the arc continuously in one place and toproject the light rays toward the microscope mirror without casting ashadow and to utilize to the full the electric arc, for 'the reason thatit is desirable to secure an intense light in the photographingOperations in order to produce a clear sharp negative. The carbons areheld by suitable clamps, p, each of which is carried by a rack, P, withwhich rack engages an adjusting spindle, p', which is suitably mountedin the lamp frame, p the latter having a base, p?, adapted to befastened directly to the rheostat, J the lamp base and the currentconductor (resistance) of the rheostat being electrically insulated. Theracks, P, afford convenientmeans for manipulating and adjusting of thecarbons to suit the conditions of service, as well as to feed one orboth carbons in order to compensate for Consumption by the current, but,if-desired, I may employ an automatic current controlled feed mechanismto make the carbons (one or both) approach each other and therebymaintain the arc subsequent to its establishment.

Fig. 5 of the drawings represents a type of apparatus which may beconverted or adapted for use in connection with the microscope and thearc lamp as contemplat ed by the invention hereto-fore described for thepurpose of producing successive photomicrographs on a continuous film,indicated by the reference character Q. The i general form of the meansfor moving the lm, Q, at intervals is similar to that employed in theproduction of films for moving picture machines, hence I will notdescribe in detail the several working parts of the aforesaid mechanism.As shown, however, the film is adapted to be uncoiled from a spool, g,and to be coiled on a take-up spool, q', and as it passes from one spoolto the other, said film is engaged by the feed wheels, 9 and by suitableguides, q which operate to` hold the film in engagement with said feedwheels. Within the casing, Q', of said apparatus is a horizontaldiaphragm or partition, Q which is connected with the bottom of thecasing by a light-tight coupling, Q On this parttion, Q is mounted asleeve, R,

llC

other member, s', of which is the upper part of which is lined, as at 1'so as to make a tight joint with a collar, R'. This collar is adapted tocontain a ground glass, R which is across the lower part of a verticalsight tube, R the latter extending upwardly within the casing, Q', andcontaining a suitable lens 7". Around the sight tube is fitted a doubletube, R which extends upwardly through the 'top of the casing, Q', andbetween the members of this double tube is arranged a lined eye piece,S, the latter having a cord or other suitable means, such as indicatedat S', for holding the eye piece steadily in place over the eye of theoperator. The lens tube, 6 of the microscope is provided with a doubleflanged member, s. of a light-tight coupling, the fastened to, orotherwise engaged with, the partition, Q so as to depend downwardlytherefrom, Whereby the microscope is adapted to be arranged in line withthe sight tube, R and the eX- ternal rays of light are prevented frompassing through the opening provided in the casing, Q', for thereception of the microscope.

The feed wheels and the take-up' spool of the apparatus are adpated tobe driven by suitable motor mechanism for the purpose of impartingtraveling movement to the continuous film, Q, but this movement is givenintermittently to said film by ,a suitable de vice adapted to beactuated by the motor mec hanism. As shown, the device consists of adisk, S which is provided With a member, such as a pin, S tha't engageswith the unsensitized face of the film. When this disk and its pin arerotated, the film remains practically at rest during a part of suchrotation, but at another period of the rotation of the pin, the latterdraws on the film for the purpose of moving it a predetermined distance.Said film is shown in Fig. 7 as having perforations near its edges, andthe width of said film is less than the diameter of the sight tube, R,and the focusing glass, R Said film asses between the sleeve, R, and thecasing, so that it travels between the focusing glass, R and the lenstube, e, of the microscope.

It will be understood that the operator may view the subject through thesight tube, R for the reason that the image is projected by themicroscope on the focusing glass, R a portion of the subject beingvisible at the edges of the film. This'ena'bles the operator to adjustthe microscope for securing the proper focus.

In the operation of the apparatus shown in F ig. 5 an enlarged image isprojected by` the microscope on to the sensitized surface of the film,Q. The motor being in operation, the disk, S operates to advance acertain length of film across the tube, R, and the exposure is made soas to secure a latent ,Well as of 'the movement blood cells.

image on said film. The film is now moved again by the disk, S and it iscoiled on the take-up spool, g', while a fresh length of film isuncoiled from the spool g. These operations are repeated to secure adesired number of inpressions. on the film, after which said film isdeveloped and fixed in order to produce a-record adapted to be employedin the so called moving picture machines for displaying a succession ofpictures which represent the movement of the corpuscles of blood as itcirculates in the human system, or as the cells move individually,whereby the apparatus is especially adapted for lecture purposes.

It is to be understood that the microscope E is employed in connectionwith the means for intermittently noving the continuous sensitized film,and that an electric lamp is employed to' furnish the light required tosecure an instantaneous photographic exposure. The microscope E is shownin Fig. 5 as being connected with the casing and the diaphragm Q thereofby the light excluding coupling Q embodying the internal overlappingtubes s 8', and the external overlapping tubes shown, so that no lightcan pass into the chamber containing the sensitized film except throughthe microscope E.

In photographing specimens of the human blood for various purposes,particularly for medical use, it is desired to secure a record atdifferent successive periods showing the movement of the corpuscles ofthe blood, as individually of the This record is made from one or moredrops of human blood drawn fresh from the patient, deposited on themicroscope and immediately photographed, the Operations being performedas expeditiously as possible in order to secure photographic exposuresof the blood specimen while the corpuscles and cells are in motion. Theuse of the continuous film exposed rapidly and the employment of theintense light furnished by the electric arc are important factors inobtaining the records of the condition of the human blood, for thereasons that the electric arc furnishes the intense light to secure theinstantaneous photographic exposures, and the intermittent movement ofthe film affording the necessary photographic surfaces on which thelatent impressions of the enlarged images projected by the microscopeare obtainable Without involving the delay and loss of time required tochange the common sensitized photographic plates.

In Fig. 5, the apparatus is shown as being arranged to direct the filmto a horizontal path, and the microscope is arranged for its tube, 6 tooccupy a vertical position. In Fig. 6, however, the position of the aparatus is changed for moving the film n a vertical path, and themicroscope is adjust ed in order that the rays of light from the arclamp, J, may be projected directly through said lens tube, 6 thusthrowing the mirror, 6 out of operation. In other respects the apparatusis similar to that heretofore described. p

In Figs. 8 and 11 of the drawings I have shown a binocular adapted to beused in con nection with the microscope for the purposes of focusing it,and for projecting two images on to a sensitized surface, or a pluralityof sensitize'd surfaces, in order to produce stereoscopic photographs.The binocuthose skilled in the art so that certain of the i rays willpass through the prism; T', and

. the lens tube, t', while other rays of light will pass through theprism, T and the lens tube, t The images projected by the binocularstrike the sensitized surfaces held in the plate holders, H H the latterbeing at an angle one to the other in order that Having thus fullydescribed the invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. The combination of a casing constructed with a side formed with alight opening at its lower end, another side formed with an accessopening, a head closing the lower end of the casing, a head closing theupper end of the casing and provided with an image opening and arecessfor a plate holder, and a microscope, seated on the lower head andhaving a mirror' provided with means located in a position whereby itmay be adjusted without renoval from the casing.

' 2. The combination of a casing constructed with a horizontal partitionat its lower part, providing a mirror chamber and a magnifying chamber,a side formed with a light opening at its lower end, another side formedwith an access opening extending opposite its lower end, a head closingthe lower end of the casing, a head closing the upper end of the casingand provided with\ an image opening and a recess for a plate holder, anda microscope seated on the lower head and having a mirror provided withmeans located adjacent the' access opening whereby the mirror maybeadjusted without removal from the casing.

3. The combination of a casing constructed with a side formed with alight opening at its lower end, another side formed with an accessopening, a finger opening near the lower end of the casing, a headclosing its the sensitized surfaces will beat right angles;;;,;l0werpart, a head closing its upper part to the respective ,axes of thetubes, t', t as shown in Fig. 8. S'aid plate holders are contained insuitable guides, u, of the upper part of the section, b', of ateles'copic casing, the microscope and the binocular being arrangedwithin said casing, as shown. It is evident, however, that the'binocular may be fitted to the lens tube of the microscope in eitherform of the apparatus herein shown anddescribed.

In Fig. 12 of the drawings there is shown another adaptation of thebinocular, T, wherein it is combined with a microscope, E, and acontinuous film camera, Q for the purpose of viewing the subject andfocusing the microscope while the exposures of the subject are takingplace on the movable continuous film in the camera, the latter being ofthe type shown in Fig. 5. The binocular, T, is adjusted for the tube tthereof to engage with the sight tube, 6 of the microscope, E, and Withthe camera, Q in a way to secure light-tight connection between theparts, whereas the tube, t', of the binocular is arranged for theoperator to look into the binocular so as to obtain a View of thesubject while the exposures are being made on the film of the camera,whereby the micror and provided with an image opening and a recess for aplate holder, and a microscope seated on the lower head having a mirrorprovided with meanslocated in front of the finger opening whereby themirror may be adjusted independently of the access openmg.

4. The combination of a casing constructed with a horizontal partitionat its lower part, providing a mirror chamber, a side formed with alight opening at its lower end, another side formed with anaccessopening extending opposite its lower end, a head closing its lowerpart, a head closing its upper part and provided with an image openingand a recess for a plate holder, a microscope seated on the lower headand eX- tending through the partition having a mirror provided withmeans located in a position 'whereby it may be adjusted and a lighttight closure between the microscope and the adjacent portions of thepartition.

5. The combination of a casing constructed With a side formed with alight opening at its lower end, another side formed with a fingeropening near its lower end, a head a microscope seated on the lower headhav- 1:0

ing a mirror provided withmeans located in front of the finger openingwhereby it may be operated to adjust the mirror independently of theother openings in the casn The combination of a casing Constructed witha horizontal partition at its lower part, providing a mirror chamber anda magnifying chamber, a side formed-With a light opening at its lowerend, another side formed with an access opening at its lower end, a headclosing its lower part, a head closing its upper part and provided withan image opening and a recess, for a plate holder, a microscope seatedon the lower 15 head having a mirror provided with means located in aposition whereby it may be adjusted, a slide adapted to close the lightopening and means for Operating the slide from a ,point adjacent the topof the casing.

20 In testimony whereof I have signed my I name to this specification inthe resence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT L. WATKINS.

i Witnesses JAS. H. GRIFFIN, H. I. BERNHARD.

